‏562.00 ₪

Ceramic Materials 2E

‏562.00 ₪

ISBN13

9781461435228

יצא לאור ב

New York, NY

מהדורה

2nd ed. 2013

זמן אספקה

21 ימי עסקים

עמודים

766

פורמט

Hardback

תאריך יציאה לאור

1 בינו׳ 2013

מחליף את פריט

978-0-387-46270-7

This book provides an up-to-date treatment of ceramic science, engineering, and applications in a single, integrated text. The text, written by established teachers and authors, is extensively illustrated and includes references and questions for the student.

לדלג לסוף של גלריית תמונות

לדלג להתחלה של גלריית תמונות

פרטים

Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering is an up-to-date treatment of ceramic science, engineering, and applications in a single, comprehensive text. Building on a foundation of crystal structures, phase equilibria, defects, and the mechanical properties of ceramic materials, students are shown how these materials are processed for a wide diversity of applications in today's society. Concepts such as how and why ions move, how ceramics interact with light and magnetic fields, and how they respond to temperature changes are discussed in the context of their applications. References to the art and history of ceramics are included throughout the text, and a chapter is devoted to ceramics as gemstones. This course-tested text now includes expanded chapters on the role of ceramics in industry and their impact on the environment as well as a chapter devoted to applications of ceramic materials in clean energy technologies. Also new are expanded sets of text-specific homework problems and other resources for instructors. The revised and updated Second Edition is further enhanced with color illustrations throughout the text.

מידע נוסף

מידע נוסף
מהדורה	2nd ed. 2013
עמודים	766
מחליף את פריט	978-0-387-46270-7
פורמט	Hardback
ISBN10	1461435226
יצא לאור ב	New York, NY
תאריך יציאה לאור	1 בינו׳ 2013
תוכן עניינים	Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Foreword PART I: History and Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Definitions 1.2 General Properties 1.3 Types of Ceramic and their Applications 1.4 Market 1.5 Critical Issues for the Future 1.6 Relating Microstructure, Processing and Applications 1.7 Safety 1.8 Ceramics on the Internet 1.9 On Units Chapter 2: Some History 2.1 Earliest Ceramics: the Stone Age 2.2 Ceramics in Ancient Civilizations 2.3 Clay 2.4 Types of Pottery 2.5 Glazes 2.6 Development of a Ceramics Industry 2.7 Plaster and Cement 2.8 Brief History of Glass 2.9 Brief History of Refractories 2.10 Major Landmarks of the 20th Century 2.11 Museums 2.12 Societies 2.13 Ceramic Education PART II: Materials Chapter 3: Background You Need to Know 3.1 The Atom 3.2 Energy Levels 3.3 Electron Waves 3.4 Quantum Numbers 3.5 Assigning Quantum Numbers 3.6 Ions 3.7 Electronegativity 3.8 Thermodynamics: the Driving Force for Change 3.9 Kinetics: the Speed of Change Chapter 4: Bonds and Energy Bands 4.1 Types of Interatomic Bond 4.2 Young's Modulus 4.3 Ionic Bonding 4.4 Covalent Bonding 4.5 Metallic Bonding in Ceramics 4.6 Mixed Bonding 4.7 Secondary Bonding 4.8 Electron Energy Bands Chapter 5: Models, Crystals and Chemistry 5.1 Terms and Definitions 5.2 Symmetry and Crystallography 5.3 Lattice Points, Directions and Planes 5.4 The Importance of Crystallography 5.5 Pauling's Rules 5.6 Close-Packed Arrangements: Interstitial Sites 5.7 Notation for Crystal Structures 5.8 Structure, Composition and Temperature 5.9 Crystals, Glass, Solids and Liquid 5.10 Defects 5.11 Computer Modeling Chapter 6: Binary Compounds 6.1 Background 6.2 CsCl 6.3 NaCl (MgO, TiC, PbS) 6.4 GaAs (ss-SiC) 6.5 AlN (BeO, ZnO) 6.6 CaF2 6.7 FeS2 6.8 Cu2O 6.9 CuO 6.10 TiO2 6.11 Al2O3 6.12 MoS2 and CdI2 6.13 Polymorphs, Polytypes and Polytypoids Chapter 7: Complex Crystal and Glass Structures 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spinel 7.3 Perovskite 7.4 The Silicates and Structures Based on SiO4 7.5 Silica 7.6 Olivine 7.7 Garnets 7.8 Ring Silicates 7.9 Micas and Other Layer Materials 7.10 Clay Minerals 7.11 Pyroxene 7.12 ss-Aluminas and Related Materials 7.13 Calcium Aluminate and Related Materials 7.14 Mullite 7.15 Monazite 7.16 YBa2Cu3O7 and Related HTSCs 7.17 Si3N4, SiAlONs and Related Materials 7.18 Fullerenes and Nanotubes 7.19 Zeolites and Microporous Compounds 7.20 Zachariasen's Rules for the Structure of Glass 7.21 Revisiting Glass Structures Chapter 8: Equilibrium Phase Diagrams 8.1 What's Special About Ceramics? 8.2 Determining Phase Diagrams 8.3 Phase Diagrams for Ceramists: The Books 8.4 Gibbs Phase Rule 8.5 One Component (C = 1) 8.6 Two Components (C = 2) 8.7 Three and More Components 8.8 Composition with Variable Oxygen Partial Pressure 8.9 Ternary Diagrams and Temperature 8.10 Congruent and Incongruent Melting 8.11 Miscibility Gaps in Glass PART III: Tools Chapter 9: Furnaces 9.1 The Need for High Temperatures 9.2 Types of Furnace 9.3 Combustion Furnaces 9.4 Electrically Heated Furnaces 9.5 Batch or Continuous Operation 9.6 Indirect Heating 9.7 Heating Elements 9.8 Refractories 9.9 Furniture, Tubes and Crucibles 9.10 Firing Process 9.11 Heat Transfer 9.12 Measuring Temperature 9.13 Safety Chapter 10: Characterizing Structure, Defects and Chemistry 10.1 Characterizing Ceramics 10.2 Imaging using Visible-Light, IR and UV 10.3 Imaging using X-rays and CT scans 10.4 Imaging in the SEM 10.5 Imaging in the TEM 10.6 Scanning-Probe Microscopy 10.7 Scattering and Diffraction Techniques 10.8. Photon Scattering 10.9 Raman and IR Spectroscopy 10.10 NMR Spectroscopy and Spectrometry 10.11 Moessbauer Spectroscopy and Spectrometry 10.12 Diffraction in the EM 10.13 Ion Scattering (RBS) 10.14 X-ray Diffraction and Databases 10.15 Neutron Scattering 10.16 Mass Spectrometry 10.17 Spectrometry in the EM 10.18 Electron Spectroscopy 10.19 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) 10.20 Thermal Analysis PART IV: Defects Chapter 11: Point Defects, Charge and Diffusion 11.1 Are Defects in Ceramics Different? 11.2 Types of Point Defects 11.3 What is Special for Ceramics? 11.4 What Type of Defects Form? 11.5 Equilibrium Defect Concentrations 11.6 Writing Equations for Point Defects 11.7 Solid Solutions 11.8 Association of Point Defects 11.9 Color Centers 11.10 Creation of Point Defects in Ceramics 11.11 Experimental Studies of Point Defects 11.12 Diffusion 11.13 Diffusion in Impure, or Doped, Ceramics 11.14 Movement of defects 11.15 Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity 11.16 Computing Chapter 12: Are Dislocations Unimportant? 12.1 A Quick Review of Dislocations 12.2 Summary of Dislocation Properties 12.3 Observation of Dislocations 12.4 Dislocations in Ceramics 12.5 Structure of the Core 12.6 Detailed Geometry 12.7 Defects on Dislocations 12.8 Dislocations and Diffusion 12.9 Movement of Dislocations 12.10 Multiplication of Dislocations 12.11 Dislocation Interactions 12.12 At the Surface 12.13 Indentation, Scratching and Cracks 12.14 Dislocations with Different Cores Chapter 13: Surfaces, Nanoparticles and Foams 13.1 Background to surfaces 13.2 Ceramic Surfaces 13.3 Surface Energy 13.4 Surface structure 13.5 Curved Surfaces and Pressure 13.6 Capillarity 13.7 Wetting and Dewetting 13.8 Foams 13.9 Epitaxy and Film Growth 13.10 Film Growth in 2D: Nucleation 13.11 Film Growth in 2D: Mechanisms 13.12 Characterizing Surfaces 13.13 Steps 13.14 In situ 13.15 Surfaces and Nano 13.16 Computer modeling 13.17 Introduction to properties Chapter 14: Interfaces in Polycrystals 14.1 What are Grain Boundaries? 14.2 For Ceramics 14.3 GB Energy 14.4 Low-angle GBs 14.5 High-angle GBs 14.6 Twin Boundaries 14.7 General Boundaries 14.8 GB Films 14.9 Triple Junctions and GB Grooves 14.10 Characterizing GBs 14.11 GBs in Thin Films 14.12 Space Charge and Charged Boundaries 14.13 Modeling 14.14 Some Properties Chapter 15: Phase Boundaries, Particles and Pores 15.1 The importance 15.2 Different types 15.3 Compare to other materials 15.4 Energy 15.5 The structure of PBs 15.6 Particles 15.7 Use of particles 15.8 Nucleation and growth of particles 15.9 Pores 15.10 Measuring porosity 15.11 Porous ceramics 15.12 Glass/crystal phase boundaries 15.13 Eutectics 15.14 Metal/ceramic PBs 15.15 Forming PBs by joining PART V: Mechanical Strength and Weakness Chapter 16: Mechanical Testing 16.1 Philosophy 16.2 Types of testing 16.3 Elastic Constants and Other `Constants' 16.4. Effect of Microstructure on Elastic Moduli 16.5. Test Temperature 16.6. Test Environment 16.7 Testing in Compression and Tension 16.8 Three- and Four-point Bending 16.9 KIc from Bend Test 16.10 Indentation 16.11 Fracture Toughness From Indentation 16.12 Nanoindentation 16.13 Ultrasonic Testing 16.14 Design and Statistics 16.15 SPT Diagrams Chapter 17: Plasticity 17.1 Plastic Deformation 17.2 Dislocation Glide 17.3 Slip in Alumina 17.4 Plastic Deformation in single crystals 17.5 Plastic Deformation in Polycrystals 17.6 Dislocation Velocity and Pinning 17.7 Creep 17.8 Dislocation Creep 17.9 Diffusion-Controlled Creep17.10 Grain-Boundary Sliding 17.11 Tertiary Creep and Cavitation 17.12 Creep Deformation Maps 17.13 Viscous Flow 17.14 Superplasticity Chapter 18: Fracturing: Brittleness 18.1 The importance of brittleness 18.2 Theoretical Strength-The Orowan Equation 18.3 The Effect of Flaws-the Griffith Equation 18.4 The Crack Tip-The Inglis Equation 18.5 Stress Intensity Factor 18.6 R Curves 18.7 Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking 18.8 Failure and Fractography 18.9 Toughening and Ceramic Matrix Composites 18.10 Machinable Glass-Ceramics 18.11 Wear 18.12 Grinding and polishing PART VI: Processing Chapter 19: Raw Materials 19.1 Geology, Minerals, and Ores 19.2 Mineral Formation 19.3 Beneficiation 19.4 Weights and Measures19.5 Silica 19.6 Silicates 19.7 Oxides 19.8 Non Oxides Chapter 20: Powders, Fibers, Platelets and Composites 20.1 Making Powders 20.2. Types of powders 20.3 Mechanical Milling 20.4 Spray Drying 20.5 Powders by Sol-gel Processing 20.6 Powders by Precipitation 20.7 Chemical Routes to Non-oxide powders 20.8 Platelets 20.9 Nanopowders by Vapor-Phase reactions 20.10 Characterizing Powders 20.11 Characterizing Powders by Microscopy 20.12 Sieving20.13 Sedimentation 20.14 The Coulter counter 20.15 Characterizing Powders by Light Scattering 20.16 Characterizing Powders by X-Ray Diffraction 20.17 Measuring Surface Area (The BET method) 20.18 Determining Particle composition and purity 20.19 Making Fibers and whiskers 20.20 Oxide fibers 20.21 Whiskers 20.22 Glass fibers 20.23 Coating Fibers 20.24 Making CMCs 20.25 CMCs From Powders and slurries 20.26 CMCs By Infiltration 20.27 In-situ processes Chapter 21: Glass and Glass-Ceramics 21.1 Definitions 21.2 History 21.3 Viscosity, 21.4 Glass-A Summary of its Properties, or not 21.5 Defects in Glass 21.6 Heterogeneous Glass 21.7 YA glass 21.8 Coloring Glass 21.9 Glass laser 21.10 Precipitates in Glass 21.11 Crystallizing Glass 21.12 Glass as Glaze and Enamel 21.13 Corrosion of Glass and Glaze 21.14 Types of Ceramic Glasses 21.15 Natural glass 21.16 The Physics of Glass Chapter 22: Sols, Gels and Organic Chemistry 22.1 Sol-gel processing 22.2 Structure and synthesis of alkoxides 22.3 Properties of alkoxides22.4 The sol-gel process using metal alkoxides 22.5 Characterization of the sol-gel Process 22.6 Powders, coatings, fibers, crystalline or glass? Chapter 23: Shaping and Forming 23.1 The Words 23.2 Binders and Plasticizers 23.3 Slip and Slurry 23.4 Dry Pressing 23.5 Hot Pressing 23.6 Cold Isostatic Pressing 23.7 Hot Isostatic Pressing 23.8 Slip Casting 23.9 Extrusion 23.10 Injection molding 23.11 Rapid prototyping 23.12 Green machining 23.13 Binder burnout 23.14 Final machining 23.15 Making Porous Ceramics23.16 Shaping Pottery 23.17 Shaping Glass Chapter 24: Sintering and Grain Growth 24.1 The sintering process 24.2 The terminology of sintering24.3 Capillary forces and Surface Forces 24.4 Sintering spheres and wires 24.5 Grain growth 24.6 Sintering and Diffusion 24.7 LPS 24.8 Hot pressing 24.9 Pinning Grain Boundaries 24.10 Grain Growth 24.11 Grain boundaries, surfaces and sintering 24.12 Exaggerated grain growth 24.13 Fabricating complex shapes 24.14 Pottery 24.15 Pores and Porous Ceramics 24.16 Sintering with 2- and 3-phases 24.17 Examples of sintering in action 24.18 Computer Modeling Chapter 25: Solid-State Phase Transformations & Reactions 25.1 Transformations & reactions: The link 25.2 The Terminology 25.3 Technology 25.4 Phase transformations without changing chemistry 25.5 Phase transformations changing chemistry 25.6 Methods for studying kinetics 25.7 Diffusion through a layer: slip casting 25.8 Diffusion through a layer: solid-state reactions 25.9 The spinel-forming reaction 25.10 Inert markers and reaction barriers 25.11 Simplified Darken equation 25.12 The incubation period 25.13 Particle growth and the effect of misfit 25.14 Thin-film reactions 25.15 Reactions in an electric field 25.16 Phase transformations involving glass 25.17 Pottery 25.18 Cement 25.19 Reactions involving a gas phase 25.20 Curved interfaces Chapter 26: Processing Glass and Glass-Ceramics 26.1 The Market for Glass and Glass Products 26.2 Processing Bulk Glasses 26.3 Bubbles 26.4 Flat Glass 26.5 Float-Glass 26.6 Glass Blowing 26.7 Coating Glass 26.8 Safety Glass 26.9 Foam Glass 26.10 Sealing glass 26.11 Enamel 26.12 Photochromic Glass 26.13 Ceramming: Changing Glass to Glass-Ceramics 26.14 Glass for Art and Sculpture 26.15 Glass for Science and Engineering Chapter 27: Coatings and Thick Films27.3 Dip Coating 27.4 Spin Coating 27.5 Spraying 27.6 Electrophoretic Deposition 27.7 Thick Film Circuits Chapter 28: Thin Films and Vapor Deposition 28. 1 The Difference Between Thin Films and Thick Films 28.2 Acronyms, Adjectives and Hyphens 28.3 Requirements for Thin Ceramic Films 28.4 CVD 28.5. Thermodynamics of CVD 28.6 CVD of Ceramic Films for Semiconductor Devices 28.7 Types of CVD 28.8 CVD Safety 28.9 Evaporation 28.10 Sputtering 28.11 Molecular-beam Epitaxy 28.12 Pulsed-laser Deposition 28.13 Ion-beam-assisted Deposition 28.14 Substrates Chapter 29: Growing Single Crystals 29.1 Why Single Crystals? 29.2 A Brief History of Growing Ceramic Single Crystals 29.3 Methods for Growing Single Crystals of Ceramics 29.4 Melt Technique: Verneuil (Flame-Fusion) 29.5 Melt Technique: Arc-image Growth 29.6 Melt Technique: Czochralski 29.7 Melt Technique: Skull Melting 29.8 Melt Technique: Bridgman-Stockbarger 29.9 Melt Technique: HEM 29.10 Applying Phase Diagrams to Single-crystal Growth 29.11 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal 29.12 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal Growth at Low T 29.13 Solution Technique: Flux Growth 29.14 Solution Technique: Growing Diamonds 29.15 Vapor Technique: VLS 29.16 Vapor Technique: Sublimation 29.17 Preparing Substrates for Thin-film Applications 29.18 Growing Nanowires and Nanotubes by VLS and not PART VII: Properties and Applications Chapter 30: Conducting Charge or not 30.1 Ceramics as electrical conductors 30.2 Conduction mechanisms in ceramics 30.3 Number of conduction electrons 30.4 Electron mobility 30.5 Effect of temperature 30.6 Ceramics with metal-like conductivity 30.7 Applications for high-s ceramics 30.8 Semiconducting ceramics 30.9 Examples of extrinsic semiconductors 30.10 Varistors 30.11 Thermistors 30.12 Wide-band-gap semiconductors 30.13 Ion conduction 30.14 Fast ion conductors 30.15 Batteries 30.16 Fuel cells 30.17 Ceramic insulators 30.18 Substrates and packages for integrated circuits 30.19 Insulating layers in integrated circuits 30.20 Superconductivity 30.21 Ceramic superconductors Chapter 31: Locally Redistributing Charge 31.1 Background on Dielectrics 31.2 Ferroelectricity 31.3 BaTiO3 - The Prototypical Ferroelectric 31.4 Solid Solutions with BaTiO3 31.5 Other Ferroelectric Ceramics 31.6 Relaxor Dielectrics 31.7 Ceramic Capacitors 31.8 Ceramic Ferroelectrics for Memory Applications 31.9 Piezoelectricity 31.10 Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate (PZT) Solid Solutions 31.11 Applications for Piezoelectric Ceramics 31.12 Piezoelectric Materials for MEMS 31.13 Pyroelectricity 31.14 Applications for Pyroelectric Ceramics Chapter 32: Interacting with & Generating Light 32.1 Some background for optical ceramics 32.2 Transparency 32.3 The Refractive Index 32.4 Reflection from Ceramic Surfaces 32.5 Color in Ceramics 32.6 Coloring Glass and Glazes 32.7 Ceramic Pigments and Stains 32.8 Translucent Ceramics 32.9 Lamp Envelopes 32.10 Fluorescence 32.11 The Basics of Optical Fibers 32.12 Phosphors and Emitters 32.13 Solid-State Lasers 32.14 Electro-Optic Ceramics for Optical Devices 32.15 Reacting to Other Parts of the Spectrum 32.16 Optical Ceramics in Nature 32.17. Quantum Dots and Size Effects Chapter 33: Using Magnetic Fields & Storing Data 33.1 A Brief History of Magnetic Ceramics 33.2 Magnetic Dipoles 33.3 The Basic Equations, the Words and the Units 33.4 The Five Classes of Magnetic Material 33.5 Diamagnetic Ceramics33.6. Superconducting Magnets 33.7. Paramagnetic Ceramics 33.8 Measuring 33.9 Ferromagnetism 33.10 Antiferromagnetism and CMR 33.11 Ferrimagnetism 33.12 Estimating the Magnetization of Ferrimagnets 33.13 Magnetic Domains and Bloch Walls 33.14 Imaging Magnetic Domains 33.15 Motion of Domain Walls and Hysteresis Loops 33.16 Hard and Soft Ferrites 33.17 Microwave Ferrites 33.18 Data Storage and Recording 33.19. Magnetic Nanoparticles Chapter 34: Responding to Temperature Changes 34.1 Summary of Terms and Units 34.2 Absorption and Heat Capacity 34.3. Melting 34.4 Vaporization 34.5. Thermal Conductivity 34.6 Measuring Thermal Conductivity 34.7 Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity 34.8 Using High Thermal Conductivity 34.9 Thermal Expansion 34.10 Effect of Crystal Structure on 34.11 Thermal Expansion Measurement 34.12 Importance of Matching s 34.13 Applications for Low- 34.14 Thermal Shock Chapter 35: Ceramics in Biology & Medicine 35.1 What are Bioceramics? 35.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramics 35.3 Ceramic Implants & The Structure of Bone 35.4 Alumina and Zirconia 35.5 Bioactive Glasses 35.6 Bioactive Glass-ceramics 35.7 Hydroxyapatite 35.8 Bioceramics in Composites 35.9 Bioceramic Coatings 35.10 Radiotherapy Glasses 35.11 Pyrolytic Carbon Heart Valves 35.12 Nanobioceramics 35.13 Dental Ceramics 35.14 Biomimetics Chapter 36: Minerals & Gems 36.1 Minerals 36.2 What is a gem? 36.3 In the rough 36.4 Cutting and polishing 36.5 Light and Optics in Gemology 36.6 Color in gems and minerals 36.7 Optical Effects 36.8 Identifying Minerals & Gems 36.9 Chemical Stability (durability) 36.10 Diamonds, Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds 36.11 Opal 36.12 Other Gems 36.13 Minerals with Inclusions 36.14 Treatment of Gems 36.15 The Mineral & Gem Trade Chapter 37: Energy Production and Storage 37.1 Some reminders 37.2 Nuclear Fuel and Waste Disposal 37.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 37.4 Photovoltaic Solar Cells 37.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 37.6 Ceramics in Batteries 37.7 Lithium-Ion Batteries 37.8 Ultracapacitors 37.9 Producing and Storing Hydrogen 37.10 Energy Harvesting 37.11 Catalysts and Catalyst Supports Chapter 38: Industry and the Environment 38.1 The beginning of the modern ceramics industry 38.2 Growth and globalization 38.3 Types of market 38.4 Case studies 38.5 Emerging Areas 38.6 Mining 38.7 Recycling 38.8 As Green Materials Index Details for Figures and Tables
זמן אספקה	21 ימי עסקים